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Biopsychology
Fundamentals and Contemporary Issues

v2.0 Martin S. Shapiro
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1.6 End-of-Chapter Content

Best Online Content

The following are links to online videos, podcasts, or articles. They are educational, entertaining, and sometimes awe-inspiring. They can link the content in the chapter to real-world examples and innovators in the field.

  1. The Moth Presents Dr. Murat Gunel: The Art of Medicine (14:43). Moth Podcast. This is an extremely heartfelt story about a neurosurgeon treating a young man who had received a severe head trauma in an accident. The Moth is a podcast of people telling true stories in front of a live crowd. 

  2. I Am My Connectome (22:34). TED Talk in which Sebastian Seung discusses his attempts to map the connections in the brain. He gives a great overview of how neuroscientists are thinking about the function of the brain. It contains great images, and he is an excellent speaker. 

  3. A Map for the Future of Neuroscience by Gary Marcus (2013). The New Yorker. This is a short article talking about the future of neuroscience. 

Additional Links

This section contains other online content that is very good, including podcasts, videos, and documentaries.

  1. Hacking the Brain: The Future of Prosthetics (6:19). This is a YouTube SciShow with Hank Green. It is a look into the future of neuroprosthetics and transhumanism. 

  2. The Human Brain Science Discovery Documentary (1:33.49). This is a documentary about research on the brain and behavior.

Suggested Popular Science Books

This section has books written by science writers and researchers that are made for a general audience. If you have further interest in topics discussed in this chapter or neuroscience, here are some of my favorite books. Most of these can also be found as audiobooks.

  1. Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst by Robert Sapolsky. (2017). This is one of the best books to further your interest in biopsychology. Dr. Sapolsky is one of the best science writers in the field.

  2. Livewired: The Inside Story of the Every-Changing Brain by David Eagleman. (2021). This is a great first book to read about neuroscience and the brain. 

  3. Proust Was a Neuroscientist by Jonah Lehrer. (2008). This is a beautifully written book about neuroscience.

  4. The Future of the Mind: The Scientific Quest to Understand, Enhance, and Empower the Mind by Michio Kaku. (2014). This is a great book by the leading physicist and science writer, Michio Kaku. He discusses how modern imaging techniques will enable us to do amazing things in the future, from videotaping dreams to telekinesis. 

  5. The Future of the Brain: Essays by the World's Leading Neuroscientists by Gary Marcus and Jeremy Freeman. (2014). This is a great collection of essays by leading neuroscientists who have been at the forefront of research and leaders in big brain projects like the BRAIN initiative and the Human Brain Project.

  6. How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed by Ray Kurzweil. (2012). Ray Kurzweil is a world-renowned futurist. He discusses how it may be possible in the future to recreate consciousness in computers and even upload human consciousness into computers. 

Short Answer Questions

  1. Describe the difference between ancient Egyptian and Greek views of the function of the brain.

  2. What was the practice of trepanation, and where and why was it used?

  3. Describe significant changes that happened during the Renaissance regarding thinking about science and the brain.

  4. What is the difference between dualism and monism, and why is this distinction important when studying the brain and behavior?

  5. Provide some examples of significant contributions to the study of psychology and behavior that began during the 1800s and 1900s. What were some continued problems in understanding the function of the brain?

  6. Give examples of someone taking a reductionistic versus a holistic approach to psychology.

  7. What is the difference between physiological psychology and psychophysiology?

  8. Describe a difference between research by a comparative psychologist versus an ethologist.

  9. Provide examples of why people interested in applied aspects of psychology should study biopsychology and neuroscience.

  10. What are some myths, misunderstandings, and misinformation often applied to the brain and neuroscience?

  11. Provide examples of how studying neuroscience helps with critical thinking about making ethical decisions.

  12. Describe how technology might change neuroscience and maybe even what it means to be human in the future.

Discussion Questions

  1. Why do you think studying neuroscience might be relevant to your interests in your area of study?

  2. Can you think of any other examples of myths and misinformation about the brain and neuroscience?

  3. Have you ever tried brain-boosting supplements or homeopathy? What were the results?

  4. Which of the following would you do?

    1. Get knee replacement surgery.

    2. Get an artificial heart if yours was failing.

    3. Get your genes modified to make you more resistant to diseases, prevent you from getting Alzheimer’s disease, or boost your intelligence.

    4. Get a nanobot to replace dying cells in your brain to help with memory or intelligence.

    5. Upload your consciousness and live in virtual reality.

Terms

Andreas VesaliusEthologyPsychiatry
Applied approachEvolutionary psychologyPsychoneuroimmunology
Basic approachHolistic approachPsychopharmacology
Behavioral ecologyHomeopathyPsychophysiology
Behavioral geneticsMonismReductionistic approach
Behavioral neuroendocrinologyNanotechnologyRenaissance
Behavioral neuroscienceNeural dustRené Descartes
BiopsychologyNeuroeconomicsScientific Revolution
Clinical neuroscienceNeurologySpecies-specific behaviors
Cognitive neuroscienceNeuropsychiatric disordersTranshumanism
Comparative psychologyNeuroscienceTrepanation
DualismPhrenologyWhole brain emulation
Edwin Smith surgical papyrusPhysiological psychologyWilhelm Wundt
Emergent propertyPlacebo effect

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